Creating space by giving space: a management plan for integration of economical development and protection of the Natterjack toad in a Dutch polder

Species protection often conflicts with economical interests. Applying a proactive approach to nature conservation, in which conservation measures are integrated into economical activities, can bring resolve. In the Netherlands, the presence of the strictly protected Natterjack toad often leads to conflicts. For one particular region it is even clear that a conservative interpretation and application of legislation is counterproductive. Therefore, a species management plan (SMP) was specifically created for this region by means of a joint planning process which includes all stakeholders. The SMP is a framework for guaranteeing the long term viability of the population of the Natterjack toad in the region, while preventing unnecessary legal procedures. As such it has both economical and ecological advantages. The SMP was carefully aligned with the legal principles applicable to the Natterjack toad. Two major components form the basis of the SMP. Firstly, it provides a protocol for management and spatial developments measures aimed at preventing negative impacts on the regional population. Secondly, it incorporates measures for developing the population of the Natterjack toad and its habitat to a level that is such that spatial developments that can reasonably be foreseen will not compromise the conservation of the species in the region. Furthermore, it contains concrete guidelines and a number of guarantees for its implementation. The plan has a strong ecological underpinning and is supported by all relevant stakeholders in the region. Weaker aspects of the SMP are the fact that it depends on the voluntary involvement of the stakeholders and that it concerns only one species. Integration of economical and ecological considerations in day-to-day practice may provide new opportunities for reaching goals of nature protection legislation, in combination with ongoing economical growth. However, the feasibility and desirability of applying the new approach must be judged for each particular situation.